Practical 3
SLIDE OBSERVATION OF ORDER HEMIPTERA-FAMILY CIMICIDAE
Title: Observation of Cimex lectularius (bed bug)
Introduction
Two families are involved: cimicidae (bedbug) and reduviidae (assassin bug). Cimicidae are wingless and reduviidae have wings. The common bedbugs are Cimex lectularius (temperate regions) and Cimex hemipterus (tropical region).the bodies of these insects are flatted dorso-ventrally and are covered by bristles. The head bears 4-jointed antennae and 3 jointed proboscious. The pronotum is expanded laterally to partly surround the head. The legs have distinct terminal claws. In the female, the posterior end of the abdomen is rounded in the male it is pointed.
Objective:
To identify the morphology of Cimex lectularis
Procedure:
Observed the slide of Cimex lectularis
Results:
Discussion:
The scientific name for the bug is Cimex lectularis. It comes from family of Cimidae in the order of Hemiptera (true bugs). This bug can be identifying through shape, size and color. The body is broadly oval shape and flattened when unfed. They are all wingless and have 4 segmented antennas. The piercing or sucking beak is on underside of the bug. The adult is quarter of inch long. The color of unfed bed bug is straw colored. While engorged bed bug is reddish-brown and covered with short and golden hairs.
The bug can look like pests. There are two bugs which looks the same that is bat bugs and tropical bed bug. Bat bug can be differentiate and difficult to tell apart from bed bugs: a bat bug has a fringe of hairs on its pronotum longer than or equal to the width of its eye; that of the bed bug is shorter than the width of the eye. Bat bugs may also bite people. As for bed bug, it is difficult to tell apart from bed bugs: front of pronotum of the tropical bed bug is moderately excavated versus deeply excavated for the bed bug; occurs in the tropics and in Florida.
Bugs have their morphology, and a body to move, fly and survive in different environments and in good condition. Firstly, the morphology of the Director of bugs is that the head is short, wide, and fits the prothorax notch. It takes a couple of pairs of compounds in the eyes of compounds in the eye, a pair of four antennas and mouth parts of the head. Simple eyes or ocelli are absent. Mouthparts are piercing and sucking type and shape of a nose or cable proboscious front of the head, the beak is made up of the lip. Taking a career in the mid-four new connector styles are used to make a hole in the skin in the jaws while the internal flow of blood and saliva flow down, this is facilitated by two channels of jaws. Upper lip and two friends are gone. Bug at rest. Forum folded on his chest, but when the power is turned down or forward. Mandibular styletes function to make a hole in the skin.
Next is the morphology of the thorax. The thorax has three segments, prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax is very large. Previously, he received pronotum is cut to the head. The mesothorax is very low. Metathorax is covered by a pair of front wings or derivatives mesothrorax hemelytrae traces. The hind wings and makes each thoracic segment has a pair of short legs ventral resistant. Tarsi jointed legs and strong claws, and they stick glands open in the ventral surface of metathorax.
The abdomen is flat, segmented compound 7. Men, is narrow and pointed ends bent like a hook relateraly in clasper that serving as a cover for aedaegus or penis. The female abdomen is broad and rounded, and pointed out the notch in the sternum 4, a little to the right of the midline. The cut is the opening of a special bag of copulation. The organ of the body is spermatophagous Berlese. Cell is believed to ingest and destroy excess sperm.
The cycle of life started with insect female lays one to twelve eggs per day and the eggs are deposited on rough surfaces or in cracks and crevices. The eggs are coated with a sticky substance that adheres to the substrate. The eggs hatch in 10 days, and nymphs begin feeding immediately. They require a blood meal to molt and development to the next step. Bed bugs reach maturity after five molts. Development time (egg to adult) is affected by temperature and takes about 21 days. The pupal period lasts much longer when food is scarce. Life in adults may include 12-18 months and are known to be capable of surviving for 12 months between meals.
The bug’s biology and habits can be classify into two that is match the food and site and match the habits and damage. Both adult and nymph suck blood; humans are the preferred host. It hides during the day, usually near sleeping areas in cracks in walls, behind baseboards, under mattresses, in box springs, in furniture, under wallpaper or pictures, in drapes, under rugs, under window or door frames. At one time, bed bugs were primarily found most often in barracks, camps, jails, rooming houses, homeless shelters, old hotels, and other shared sleeping quarters. Today, found in hotels, apartments, schools, private homes, and other sites. The bug also can infest hospitals, nursing homes, trains, planes, buses, cruise ships, theaters, moving vans, etc.
Conclusion:
At the end of the experiment, students are able to know the morphology and can identify the bedbugs when observe it under the microscope. Students are also able to know the life cycle and the habit of the bedbugs. In this experiment we all know more in male and female of bedbugs.
Questions:
1) Name two more species for genus Cimex.
2) State the type of metamorphosis for bedbug.
Incomplete metamorphosis is its type.
3) Identify the disease transmitted by bedbug.
The bug can transmit Staphylococcus aureus which can cause skin disease such as skin allergic or rashes. Also bedbugs can cause Chagas disease.
References:
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