PRACTICAL 2
SLIDE DEMONSTRATION OF ORDER ANOPLURA
Title: Observation of Pendiculidae:
Pendiculus humanus humanus/corporis, Pendiculus humanus capitis & Pithrus pubis.
Introduction:
Order anoplura consist of lice .it wingless with 1 pair antennae. The bodies of these insect are flattened dorso-ventrally with mouthpart for piercing and sucking ,the legs have claws to hold on hair and fiber .these insect are responsible vector of diseases epidemic typhus, relapsing fever and trench fever.
Objective:
1. To identify and differentiate the morphology between body louse( pediculus humanus humanus) ,head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) and crab louse( pithrus pubis)
2. To differentiate the morphology between male and female lice.
Methodology:
1. Microscope were set up
2. The slides were observed at 10 x and 40x magnification.
3. Draw the observation
Discussion
Lice are classified in kingdom anamilia, phylum arthripoda, class insect, subclass insect, subclass pterygota, infraclass neoptera order pyhiratera. The general characteristic of the lice are hardener, segmented exoskeleton, it have paired jointed legs, it can affect the health of man through poisonous body fluids, bites, sting or as the vector to transmitted diseases . The size is the size of the sesame seed, it has 6 legs that equipped with claws, it can live for approximately 25-30 days, the female can be lay egg until 100 eggs, and it also can be parasite as well. The lice morphology is flattened dorsal ventrally have 3 segmented bodies with antenna on the head and 3 pairs of legs. The leg has claws to grasp the hair. It have the segmented that consist tarsus, and other .the eye are the compound eye, the vision are not clear. The lice are the incomplete metamorphosis cycle, it can only live if they are host, and this anoplura order is commonly blood sucking lice. Their egg are deposited on the hair with special glue from it saliva .the male louse are smaller than the female louse, this different is because the female need more blood to suck so that it can laid egg in more quantity, it also make the body become look fat and balanced the female body. So we can differentiate the male or female by observing the body structure under the microscope to know the sex. They are the other way to know by the lower body part of the lice that is the pointed end of lice. Like the bifurcated. the pediculus is the blood feeding ectoparasite that only eat the blood, it is wigless so that it cannot jump,hop or fly like the other insect, the bite of it can be localized skin irritation and inflammation, it geographic distributed on worldwide. The only host for this pediculus are human it not stay on the animal or pet .the person most infected by the pediculus are the female because they have the long hair that suitable for the habitat of this louse. This louse can attack everyone without knowing either they black skin or white skin the louse is not racism.
The life cycle of the lice is began from the adult female like deposited 6egg per a day and 50-150 egg in a life time’s, the life span of a louse approximately 25 days, it laid the egg on the night, when it hatch on the base of the hair shaft within 5-9 days and are now then it called the nymphs. The nymphs have 3 times molt before become sexually mature adult on 21-27 days. Then it can sexually begin the reproductive or mating. Both the nymphs and adult lice feed on the host blood several times in days. The special about this body lice it can live without contact human in 10 days ,head lice cannot survive without a human host for more than a few days, the pubic lice can survive for 1-2 weeks without human contact.
Each of the lice that were observed has the different morphology each of them, the body louse and the hair louse structure are the same of the morphology but it has the different location of the infection and the different color. For the hair the infection can make the hair skin itch or the acute infection can cause the bacteria that on the lice can enter the skin and affect the brain, the body lose can infect through the skin and enter it deep layer. The common head louse found in school age children and the pubic louse more common in adult. The pediculus humanus can spread rapidly under crowed condition where hygiene is poor; it can be for the homeless and transient populations and the prison also for the military or refuge camp. Typically it remain on the cloth and near the skin it deposited it egg near or on the seams garments ,the bite like the small red pimples or puncture markers. It can be the vector foe the epidemic typhus and the relapsing fever.
The pediculus humanus capitis is the most prevalence’s parasite, it develop on the scalp, it most visible at nape of neck and above ears, it can also infest the eyebrows and eyelashes. The head lice can cause irritation of the scalp itching and loss of sleep and concentration of the person that infected. The complication that can be get from the lice infestation is the swelling and inflammation of neck glands, the louse saliva and the feces may be sensitizes people to their bite, the exacting the irritation may cause the secondary bacterial infections from excessive scratching, it can cause the hives or rashes. The body lice can be serve as the vector of these certain human pathogens, the epidemis of louse of louse –borne, the fear of this diseases fueled by the atrocious and preserve campaigns to quarantine and assault unpopular ethnic groups suspected of promote risk.
The pubis louse also known as the crab is the infestation common in worldwide, it can be on the hair pubic area, eyelashes, eyebrow, facial hair, underarm hair and the hair on the head. it is usually spread through sexual contact with clothing ,bedding and even toilet seats. The publics lice have the 6 legs, 2leg that very large and look like the pinchers claws of a crab. It color are tan or grayish like white color. The female pubic is larger than male louse. It can be infect the human by direct infested person and the sexual contact with infected person, and the fomites,it infested the cloth, bedding, headgear, combs, hairbrush and the toilet seat. The infestation by the pubic lice is termed as the pthriasis ,the mechanical of removal of these lice and their egg is the preferred method and treatment because pubic lice are acquired mainly though by many factor that has been tell, the physician may ensure that the child to prevent in appropriate contact, the pubis lice also may be acquired through more innocent means such as sharing bed with the infected person.
To diagnoses the body lice are rarely seen expect on cloth, because burrow under skin, can lead to thickening of skin around waist, groin and upper thighs. The head lice nits often easier to seen than adult lice, the pubic lice are brown moving dot on skin ,move quickly away from light, the identify can be white nit on the white nit on the hair follicle and the Dark brown species of lice excretion in underwater.
The treatment of the lice can be that by the washing the entire body &good hygiene. Replaced the infected cloth with the lice. The cloth must be washed at high temperature, the bed that infected by the must be replaced by the new one. The hair that infected by lice must be used the shampoo to kill the lice, for example us ether OTC insecticidal shampoo.
Conclusion
The identification of these pedicule are very different from each other louse because if seen macroscopically it same but they not same but different. The male and the female life are can be identify from color and body shape.
Question
- Name the diseases that transmitted by body lose?
-relapsing fever
- Briefly explain the penetration of the lice infection
-when the lice bite to the skin human it also transmitted the pathogen to enter the body the louse also known as the vector for the certain diseases like the typhus.
References
Jenifer wimpefher and Jessica grams-presentation lice.27.4.2008. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/529020/Lice-presentation
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