Lab 2:Title:bone cartilage and muscular system
Objective:
· To observe and identify the histology of the muscle ,bone and cartilage
· To identify the differentiate all the type of the muscle and bone cartilage
· To identify the physiology function of the muscle
Theory
The muscular system is the biological system of animal (include human ) that allow to move internalll and externally ,the muscular system in vertebrates consists of 3 diferent type of muscle that is cardiac,skeletal and smooth.cardiac are striated muscle that makes up the heart ,it is not only the muscle that consist of the branching fibers there also skeletal muscle that is voluntary miuscle that attached to the frame of the skeletonthat enabeling the movement of the body.smooth muscle is the voluntary that enable the movement of the internal organ like the peristalsis all the movement of te muscle are controled by the nervous system ,there are about 700 muscle in the human body ,the skeleton is constructed by the two most supportive tissues found in the human body cartilage and bone ,in th emebroyos.the skeleton is composed mainly of hyaline cartilage but in adult most of tyeh artilage is replaced by more rigid bone
Material
· Microscope
· Immersion oil
· Muscle slide=skeletal,cardiac and smooth muscle
· Compact bone slide
· Sponge bone slide
· Cartilage =hyaline,elastic and fibred
Method :
1. Observed the slide of the skeletal muscle using magnification power 10x,40x and 100x underlight microscope
2. The observation that see are drawed with labelled
3. The step repeated for the other slide
4. For the muscle physiology function refered to the guide line gived
Discussion
For this experiment i were gived the slide to observe themorphology of each type of the slide,like skeletal ,cardiac,smooth,compact bone,spongy bone,hyaline cartilage,elastic cartilage and fibred cartilage.the skeletal muscle are the muscle that attach to the bone,it responsible for the movement,it are covered all the human body,it can make the voluntary and involuntary action,that are responsibldo by the central nervous system.it is the cylindrical shape,the nucleus are uni and situated at the peripheral of the cell.compare to the cardiac muscle it not cylindrical shape it are located at the involountary organ like heart,it have uni nucleues and like square shape ,it have the intercalary disc that separate the muscle it self.for the smooth muscle it is involuntary non striated muscle,the shape are like the bundle shaped.it has large intensity of stretching,it located at the urinary bladder and intestinal tract.it can be controlled by the voluntary action.for the compact bone it function to support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements mainly calcium it are hard and strong.for the spongy bone it lighter, softer, and weaker than compact orcortical bone, the other type of calcium tissue, but it has a greater surface area and is much more vascular, or supplied with blood vessels. Spongy bone is found on the inside of some bones, and it is surrounded by the stronger, more protective compact bone.for the hyaline cartilage it consist of the chondrocyte,lacuna and matrix, no nerves or blood vessels. It has high elasticity and helps cushion and protect bones. The word hyaline comes from the Greek for glassy, and refers to the translucence of the tissue.elastic cartilage then are similar to hyaline cartilage but contains many yellow elastic fibers lying in a solid matrix and it also specialized, fibrous connective tissue present in adults, and forming the temporary skeleton in the embryo, providing a model in which the bones develop, and constituting a part of the organism's growth mechanism; the three most important types are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Also, a general term for a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body.the fibred cartilage mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.it have all three type of fibred inside it,
Conclusion
The all morphology of the muscle,bone and cartilage are observed the and drawed,to understand the morphology of it.
Question
1. Explain the different between structure of the 3 muscle tissues.
The smooth muscle it bundle shaped uni nucleus and long .the cardiac muscle is for involuntary action muscle and have intercalary disc and branced.it also fused nucleus.the skeletal muscle are covered all body part and abundance in the body.
2. Differentiate in structure of 3 type cartilage
The elastic cartilage consist 1 type of fiber and have chrondrocyte in it.it not have any other type of fiber in it.the hyaline cartilage it have lacuna ,chondrocyte and matrix.th efibred cartilage have have three al type of fibred in it.
3. The bones of elder people break more easily than the bones of younger people,why?
mainly the older peole have loss it bone strength and the deposition of the calsium in it also become to fail.it making the bone become easy to break like the osteophorosis deasies ,the bone structure on the old people are more easy to fracture because it cannot hold the burden the weight of the if the deposition are continue to loss.
References
Human genetic and general biology note
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